Climate change is affecting grape yield, composition and wine quality. As a result, the geography of wine production is changing.

Extreme heat is already harming crop yields, but a new report quantifies just how much that warming is cutting into farmers’ financial security.

Impacts will exert additional pressure on already strained ecosystems and on vulnerable economies and societies.

Coastal zones face heightened disaster risks, including flooding and erosion, and the salinization of river deltas and aquifers that sustain food security and livelihoods.

The Mediterranean is home to more than 510 million people.

By 2050, water demand is projected to double or even triple.

2°C global warming will reduce precipitation by ~10 to 15%.

An increase of 2°C to 4°C would reduce precipitation by up to 30% in Southern Europe.

Water temperature is expected to rise by between 1.8°C and 3.5°C by 2100 with hotspots in Spain and in in the Eastern Mediterranean.

At the end of July and beginning of August, three main areas of drought and abnormal dryness were ongoing in the Lower 48: the Northwest; the upper Midwest, Corn Belt, and eastern Great Plains; and from the central Gulf Coast into parts of the Southwest. Smaller areas of drought and abnormal dryness were scattered throughout other parts of the country.

Irrigation via the Ocloc NSC helps prevent frost damage by spraying water in the vineyard via two targeted micro sprinkler sprays, developed with the world leading Antelco™ design engineers, that produce the perfect size droplets, calibrated to spray the correct distance and cover a targeted area along the trellis. The sprays overlap, giving complete coverage through a continuously pulsated wet zone. The water movement serves to create air movement and keep the air temperature above freezing.

Learn how important the 'igloo effect' is from one of our distributors, Control de Heladas, and read how to mitigate crop damage at a minimum cost.

This review represents an effort towards identifying the current state of knowledge, key challenges, and gaps that emerge from studies of climate change effects on fruit and nut crops produced in warm temperate climates.

Summary Evidence of the Global Impact on Economic Growth

The Fifth National Climate Assessment (NCA5) analyzes the impacts of climate and global change in the United States.

As of April 2023, approximately 8% of the contiguous United States was experiencing severe to extreme drought, while 4% of the area was categorized as severely to extremely wet. In total, around 15% of the contiguous U.S. fell under moderate to extreme drought. Historical data on drought conditions and climate information is available from 1900 onwards, and according to the U.S. Drought Monitor, as of May 2, 2023, about 24.42% of the contiguous U.S. was facing moderate to exceptional drought.

Drought improved across much of the U.S. in January 2023. With more storm activity and wetter conditions, fewer impacts came to light during the month. Of the 52 impacts active in January, 14 were for California, 10 for Utah, eight for Arizona and seven for Kansas.

Fresno State's Center for Irrigation Technology (CIT) uses research to demonstrate the importance of micro-sprayer frost protection in vineyards.